¿En qué le podemos ayudar?
When your validator gets penalised it is automatically deregistered to prevent further damage. Use Ethereum 2. This option is nice because it allows us to cleanly deprecate eth1. I really wanna help in any way possible! It is also much cheaper in terms of inflation cost for hodlers, as well as ecologically than PoW. Note, one of the design goals in the spec readme -- "to minimize complexity, even at the cost of some losses in efficiency" We're excited to see new efforts like the "Ethereum Cat Herders" and scheduled release cycles emerging in 1. If the PoS part isn't contributing at least the majority of Ethereum's security I wouldn't say it's "delivered". Here you can discuss Ethereum news, memes, investing, trading, miscellaneous market-related subjects and other relevant technology. It will be an interesting morning for sure. It was basically going to be a decentralized venture capital fund which was going to fund all future DAPPS can you pay 2 diffirent coins to genesis mining cant mine with gpu in the eco-system. More than enough to ethereum casper update ethereum classic reddit 2019 ETH 2. What is the latest view on how the "upgrade" to Ethereum 2. Avalanche is interesting to me because it's a fresh approach. What do you guys think of the Avalanche consensus mechanism and could highest btc mining rate how profitable is crypto mining play a role in the ETH roadmap further into the future? Once the spec is more mature I expect the community to pick this up, somewhat similar to how Will ethereum beat out bitcoin how to create a ethereum wallet books get translated. Ideally the spec should be close to final in Q1, cross-client testnets in Q2, security audits in Q3, mainnet launch in Q4. I mostly consume academic papers, whitepapers, podcasts, videos, blog posts, Reddit, Twitter. Though I would add that trusted hardware could be a great thing for individual validators to use to increase their security.
What work is being done to mitigate this on Phase 0 and 1 given how much more complex these implementations will be? This is especially salient. We're designing a platform for developers to buidl stuff on—developer experience is a primary consideration! If you're trying to transact with the wallet from a different shard you don't have to read the entire address to have a high confidence that the address is correct, and instead could use the starting couple hexadecimals to point your transaction to the correct shard. Having the Ripple mining rig rock candy mines castle coins 2. Sadly enough for the second-top bitcoin wallet free coin for download bitcoin diamond nano ledger fans, the Ethereum rate had declined more than 10 times during its historical max back in This question can be expanded to all 1. If ETC maintains its relevance in the industry and manages to stay ahead of their competition highly unlikelyit might be worth x than its ethereum casper update ethereum classic reddit 2019 all time high. Please message me if that sounds like your cup of tea: For a complete list amazon ethereum cnbc jamie dimon bitcoin rules and an Ethereum getting started guide, click. Rust, go, typescript, etc to aid in writing contracts in these languages. What is the best response to a developer who is hesitant about building on ethereum today, given that it will be "replaced" by ETH 2.
If everybody is running nodes in cloud that means we have possible single point of failure, which is against what I think we are trying to achieve and what enterprise customers are looking to eliminate. Validators will move to the beacon chain to seek profit by providing security and resources to network. At this point the chain will have Casper finality, an RNG, shuffling into the various validator roles, and simulate crosslinking in the currently non-existent shard chains. Now that I'm looking at this problem more conceptually I guess it doesn't matter what the address starts with if it is the primary address associated with a shard like an exchange wallet. Switching FFG from the "per-block finalization" model to a simpler epoch-based model Moving shard committee calculation outside the state Replacing the RANDAO hash onion construction with a simpler BLS construction and same with the hash onion for proofs of custody Storing validator state change slots in the validator record, making each validator's state transition process much more understandable Making shard blocks fixed size rather than variable size which allows removing a lot of boilerplate for handling transitions That said we recognize that there's still a way to go, and many features of eth2 don't feel neat and clean the way eg. Consensus layer - implement the spec! The aftermath of the hack split the community: Polkadots usefulness will be severely limited at launch, it will not be "battle tested" and it won't be nearly as decentralised as Ethereum is. Is sharding smart contracts theoretically possible? I used to eat Maruchan chicken flavor, but now am very fortunate in that my wife likes to make homemade Ramen: It's crazy to look at your sentence and realize those words couldn't have been put together even six months ago. Please message me if that sounds like your cup of tea: To paraphrase all of the above in the simplest terms: Speaking to CoinDesk, Schoedon from Parity echoed this point, stating that Constantinope is unique in that it has widened the doors of involvement when it comes to tough decisions. By default the beacon chain validators will just use the voting mechanism that's specified in the spec, and whichever chain a majority of the validators support is the chain that the beacon chain will go with. There's nothing preventing you from using one machine to run multiple validators. Though initial choice is not necessarily irreversible; contracts could be designed to be yanked https: I can imagine kiting tumblers that might make this a computationally intractable challenge. The concept of cross-chain communication similar to "plasma" or "state channels" is a huge L2 design space.
The downfall of altcoins that were mainstream media darlings at the start of the last year, ETC among them, can be attributed, in part, to novice investors getting scared off once the bear market kicked in with a vengeance. Are economists being consulted to help decide the issuance rate of a full POS system? Predicting prices of novel, highly volatile and risky asset classes is a thankless task — best answer is no one knows. What happens if the machine I'm using gets destroyed or stolen during the lock up period? Avalanche is interesting to me because it's a fresh approach. How soon will staking pools be live when Ethereum staking goes live? Public moderation logs can be found. What do you think about resulting complexity from user point of view? More specifically, assuming the advent of Quantum Computers is capital gains taxes bitcoin ethereum ide
But a month or two later CryptoKitties jammed up the chain. Please message me if that sounds like your cup of tea: I believe that people from a quantitative finance background could also be consulted here. If you are talking about the Ethereum 1. Off the top of my head: Therefore, most likely, the work on this algorithm will be continued, and on its basis, a decision will be made on the introduction of ProgPoW into the Ether network. For research, as Justin and Danny said, ethresear. The current most favorable strategy from our perspective is to fork the PoW state root into a contract along with an EVM interpreter. Follow-up Q:
Since Vitalik already said 'research is done', what are developers' incentives to push things forward? Users could then execute txs on the existing eth1. The simplest way to do this would be to encourage the development of such tech as application-layer or network-layer addons so that it we do not need an agreement at consensus layer about a single ZKP scheme that everyone uses. I'm pretty sure you'll be able to build dapps which rely on dapps on other chains in Polka as soon as there is cross-parachain messaging, so I would guess I'm definitely very happy with the progress the general-purpose ZKP space has accomplished in the last few years; the very concept of general-purpose ZKP is pretty godlike compared to what I imagined was possible with cryptography as a child. We do have a way! At first, this will just be a single directional deposit for validators only to begin validation. Because of Ethereum. I can imagine kiting tumblers that might make this a computationally intractable challenge. We already had a foretaste what happens when you have weak network hashrate — you get attacked by malicious actors. Volatility is peanuts right now. The design was highly inefficient because of its "implemented-in-EVM" nature, and it turned out that we could not really benefit from the ease-of-implementability of being done in EVM because we would need to write a lot of special-purpose code to make verification of signatures parallelizable. Post a comment! Depending on what bitcoin does, ETC could still be up in USD thanks to BTC but most plausible prediction would be it hovers within one standard deviation of the current price. I think it is a major strength that so many independent teams with a diverse set of expertise have stepped up to contribute. For example: The tricky part is getting everything to fit together cleanly. Not trying to fud here, and there are a number of competitive moves Ethereum could take to mitigate this advantage the most obvious of which being to fork Polkadot to add a way to plug your parachain directly into Ethereum instead of the Polkadot beacon chain so it inherits its security from ETH PoW 1. From my limited understanding, it seems like in the future we can continue to have several successful general purpose smart contract platforms and developers and users will pick based on the features that are most important to them. No duplicate threads.
Keep reading. I personally hope a medium-term switch to Casper CBC see https: Note, one of the design goals in the spec readme -- "to minimize complexity, even at the cost of some losses in efficiency" We're excited to see new efforts like the "Ethereum Cat Herders" and scheduled release cycles emerging in 1. You deserve a toast, I can bring champagne, so where is the birthday party? What was that dip about? Do you have a link? Would be interesting to guestimate how much ETH how do i see my bitcoin balance who made armory bitcoin wallet at risk. Will L2 solutions be the only option? How familiar is the Altcoin daily gainer us cryptocurrency 2. We're designing a platform for developers to buidl stuff on—developer experience is a primary consideration! English language. On a different note, bitcoin is not looking very strong. There will be a small incentive for validators to also be VDF evaluators. How exactly do you envision the move to happen? Eth 2. Unfortunately TEEs is trusted hardware.
It's also the thing that scares me the most about the proposed design;i can see how they would really increase the security of the random sample selection process in addition to RANDAO but manufacturing hw is a costly, difficult endeavor often subject to unforeseen issues and delays. If you run some sort of application, it can be beneficial to run a beacon chain to directly sync the shards you need. Felix has for many years been enthusiastic not only about the technological dimension of crypto currencies, but also ethereum casper update ethereum classic reddit 2019 the rent gpu server for mining create ico ethereum vision behind. I think Eric Conner has a spreadsheet. I understood for phase zero it has arrived at 0. No misleading titles. Fungibility is a key design goal. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. The difficulty bomb will make it impossible to extract ETH after a certain point and freeze the entire can a bitcoin address have spaces can i turn bitcoins into cash, so it is also called the Ethereum ice age. I expect quantum-secure signature schemes to gradually become more popular. Completely removing inflation—relying on transaction fees only—would also be possible see below for security argument. But my concern reg Phase 0 and later 1 is that you get no fees since no transfers and smart contract interactions are being. PoS enables goodies such as economic finality and sharding. Is there some kind of roadmap for the migration from ETH 1. So there is an incentive to avoid correlation what is 0x ethereum growth potential of ethereum other validators, and hence avoid centralisation. Log in or sign up in seconds. Is this true for only phase 0? We consider every shard equal, and provide high security for all shards.
So far, almost no crypto project can claim to have done so. Meanwhile, as investors and crypto enthusiasts are already aware of the benefits of the transition, more of them are sure to come to the ETH camp. Keep up the great work! I'm still wondering about the question left unanswered, if you have time: I'll add that if any specific user wants to migrate their application to the 2. This requires Ethereum 1. Consensus layer - implement the spec! We envision economic activity to begin to move over as the system stabilizes and begins to show clear economic benefits to the users. Will you be nearby? For example, Uber does less than 20 rides per second.
Still, the complexity Constantinope has unearthed between competing miner and trader interest has sparked a wave of community engagement in the discussion. How would you and or service providers ensure the eth on the Beacon Chain is the same as that on the PoW chain and vice versa? I keep a keen eye on technically interesting projects such as Dfinity, Coda, Zcash, etc. ETC might live through couple of orchestrated and, for a regular trader, completely unpredictable pumps but the majority of time will be murky sideways trading with small volume and no significant interest from the market. The good news is that Ethereum 2. What are your thoughts about Keycard, the new hardware wallet? Please message me if that sounds like your cup of tea: DePM decentralized project management is hard, but we continue to learn and continue to get better. Here we go! The economics of staking will find the natural equilibrium. This improves security as well, because an attacker now needs to compromise two of the BLS key shares. Is there tech from any competitors such as Dfinity or any others that is worth adopting into Ethereum 2. JMRS could be appropriate here. Will this be possible with Ethereum 2. But by the time i was ready to buy, price was back to previous levels? If you are a developer consider joining one of the numerous ETH2. The beacon chain state size is bounded, and there are no objects that hang around forever; even validator records disappear once either their balance drops too low or the validators exit voluntarily and then the withdrawal and exit waiting periods pass.
The ones that were not in agreement with the ledger nano and erc20 how to get bitcoin deposit through twitter fork and insisted on the immutability of the blockchain stayed in what is now called Ethereum Classic. The opportunity to experience my first hardfork. I fully expect some some entities to experiment with this model. You'll chose based on proximity to contracts of interest, and gas prices. Thread guidelines: Any marginal rate of return on top of this already intended long-term hodling is a gain for the hodler. Find the latest Altcoin Discussion thread in bitcoin mining what is new block detected bitcoin mining with radeon r9 search listing. One of the concerns i have specifically is security. If you're looking at an address in ETH 2. When Ethereum switches to PoS algorithm in the future as a result of another hardfork, the transaction processing time may increase. Second section is focused on general market and sentiment analysis and third section is focused on the long-term, fundamental analysis and future prediction of raspberry mining rigs diy aws amd gpu monero project — this is occasionally updated part of the article. On Fixing Coin Votes self. The shortest path to full sharding would have been the sharding manager contract SMC route. Execution and state what is expanse cryptocurrency decentralization in cryptocurrency in phase 2. At the start in times of low usage, the economic load-balancing might result in over and under utilized shards. A key design goal of Ethereum 2. Hopefully some nice way to achieve 2 second average block times. I don't quite follow your logic there bro. Formal verification will be possible in eth2. Staking would really do the trick. The design of the sharding system is such that no one needs to run a node that verifies all of the data of all of the shards.
Are there any specific measures taken to ensure a smooth transition? Here we go! Contributing to Ethereum 2. How exactly do you envision the gatehub fee expensive who regulates bitcoin value to happen? Status beta version 0. As does the Casper FFG paper! To paraphrase all of the above in the simplest terms: As I port over all of these questions, I am filled with regret that we didn't use the same thread to answer the questions. Some prioritise speed, some cost, some privacy. Decentralized identity systems are definitely what gives bitcoin its value where do you find bitcoin interesting, but imo out-of-scope for blockchain base layers. It bugs me that no one answered this This assumes that Polkadot will launch with "nearly" full functionality. All ETH 1. Asking question as an investor in ETH
Can I use a raspberry Pi to stake when staking is possible? Is there any work being done on reducing the size of the blockchain as it grows? That gave birth to Ethereum. Or just good book recommendations in general A: In that case, as long as two of the three sub-nodes are functioning correctly you'll be fine. From my limited understanding, it seems like in the future we can continue to have several successful general purpose smart contract platforms and developers and users will pick based on the features that are most important to them. There will be a small incentive for validators to also be VDF evaluators. Not really an answer to your question, but Ethresear. Do you think it's likely? What work is being done to mitigate this on Phase 0 and 1 given how much more complex these implementations will be? We need a trustless solution: See the bottom of this post https: I see a lot of people talking about nodes running in cloud. It's a subtle, residual effect. Anyway, the company is distinctly working to develop and update technology to a top-notch level, as the incoming Constantinople will add such features as cheaper and better processing of smart-contracts, better network scaling options, difficulty bomb delay for another for 12 months and many other features. Our Bear Market guide not only helps you survive this crypto winter, but also guides you through the foundation you'll need to thrive in the next bull run. For phase 1 we want a custody scheme that is friendly to decentralised pools. How will this affect the transition of the Eth 1. If yes, how do we plan to deal with it and if not, why.
Best bitcoin exchange for us purchase bitcoin wallet see risks reg the smart contract for validators, risks of internet go down, DDOS attacks focus on the "small" stalkers so they get slashed and after seeing what you guys mentioned in other answers, simultaneous offline nodes might penalize the respective users even more and the attackers take maybe more reward, HW fail. We envision economic activity to begin to move over as the system stabilizes and begins to show clear economic benefits to the users. It's also the thing that scares me the most about the proposed design;i can see how they would really increase the security of the random sample litecoin to usd convert can you use bitcoin if its not in your wallet process in addition to RANDAO but manufacturing hw is a costly, difficult endeavor often subject to unforeseen issues and delays. On the topic of timelines, for phase 0 specifically, ideally the spec ethereum casper update ethereum classic reddit 2019 be close to final in Q1, cross-client testnets in Q2, security audits in Q3, mainnet launch in Q4. I msiz97 hashrate multi coin mining pool it is a major strength that so many independent teams with a diverse set of expertise have stepped up to contribute. Consensus layer - implement the spec! For phase 2 we need to figure out sustainable storage. If you are a validator, you will receive rewards for operating a node and signing consensus messages. I described the three phases here https: Follow your interests down all the little paths and begin to build a mental model of the ecosystem. Follow up A: Hopefully While no consensus was reached, several stakeholders have since taken to social media to lay out their concerns. You can disable footer widget area in theme options - footer options. A lot of the complexity is just making all of these things fit cleanly together in an implementable spec. Time will tell! The opinions of the developers of the Ether differ for this reason:.
Do Quantum Computers pose a permanent threat to ownerless legacy addresses with significant funds. Anyone interested in doing formal verification of the ETH 2. More like a bluefin tuna. Cross shard txs will be available at this point, and users can begin developing any number of "layer 2" execution engines on top. English language only. Short answer: By randomly shuffling validators across shards. In the case of Constantinople, the ETH holders will not receive new coins just because of hardfork. This is when users and applications will begin to migrate to Serenity and use it to it's full potential. What are your thoughts on formal verification of smart contracts? For example, storage fees might call for a new ERC20 contract design in which user balances are stored in separate child contracts so that users become responsible for managing their own storage fees related to their coins. The Polkadot team has stated their chain might launch by the end of the year. It requires a robust finality system. Do Quantum Computers pose a permanent threat to ownerless legacy addresses with significant funds Yes, definitely a threat.
Both blockchains are identical in every way up until block where the hard-fork to refund The DAO token holders was implemented, meaning that all the balances, wallets, and transactions that happened on Ethereum until the hard-fork are still valid on the Ethereum Classic Blockchain. Do Quantum Computers pose a permanent threat to ownerless legacy addresses with significant funds and can they cause collisions with old contracts? Will this be possible with Ethereum 2. Opening one shard at a time ethereum casper update ethereum classic reddit 2019 naturally tend to keep traffic intra-shard as the newest contracts are the ones that would usually talk to each. Will you be nearby? Do we need to run a full node to also earn from network fees or would the validator client handle this? If yes - what happens when we run a validator on 3 machines, one goes temporary offline, one is compromised, one is OK??? If people run nodes at home on consumer hardware with a normal internet connection they can be taken offline easily with DDOS attacks or am I interpreting this wrong? Also check out the issues and PRs in the spec repo. Opening up more languages by using All about bitcoin the mysterious digital currency buy junk silver with bitcoin will also allow for utilization of more restricted languages that are more amenable to FV. What is your take on this, it is a very open ended question. That said, the rate does scale depending on the number of validators participating. That said the main risk here is if we set the target rate too low and the equilibrium lands at a low participation rate and thus low security of the network.
We are answering questions in this thread and have already collected some questions from another thread. On the shard chains, we're looking at ongoing storage maintenance fees for every byte of storage, "hibernating" accounts that do not pay up at which point their users are responsible for storing and maintaining the data needed to revive those accounts if they need them. Account permissions are required to post comments through Reddit-Stream. I'm not aware of any unbiasable randomness schemes that only have strong liveness, other than VDFs: Are there any courses or subjects in uni that one should take to help in becoming a researcher? If QCs are released tomorrow, we could come up with a ZK-STARK-based procedure to allow everyone with an account that has not sent a transaction to upgrade to some quantum-safe address scheme. Dfinity may have "top cryptographers" that makes ETH research team swoon but Parity has veteran open-source blockchain devs and a strong culture of shipping production software. That said, if we want to facilitate a peaceful split, there is a fork versioning feature built in to the beacon chain to make replay protection very easy The good news is that we only need one VDF evaluator to be online for normal operation, and even if everyone goes down it's not a huge deal. Demand and participatory lockups are more what drives the price up. Ever been to the Tsukiji Fisk market? For example:
There is of course an economic benefit for early stakers in having as few other stakers as possible, since this greatly increases their personal benefit from staking ie. I would say if that happens, that will create a large incentive for someone to create a defi dapp that can interact with the other defi dapps through asynchronous cross-shard transactions and launch it on a cheaper shard. Given that the end goal is to scale to a very large number of shards, then the likelihood to have to go cross-shard increases exponentially with time, and thus the user experience gets progressively worse and worse. Centralised staking pools—unlike centralised mining pools—are somewhat awkward because you have to trust the operator to behave properly with your funds. Adding to the criticism is that founder of ethereum Vitalik Buterin has pushed back against EIP , writing on Github that it could result in the further centralization of mining pools. The countdown works for any block number. Or, as some would say, Ethereum is a fork of Ethereum Classic… depending on who you ask and can be a little confusing. ETH 2. So we need to make PoW state execution a voluntary thing that only a subset of interested nodes engage in. Gas limits per block? Lowering the block mining reward will also delay the difficulty bomb for 12 months. Given that the end goal is to scale to a very large number of shards, then the likelihood to have to go cross-shard increases exponentially with time, and thus the user experience gets progressively worse and worse. If you're interested in Cryptography especially, you can also check out another BLS - Boneh—Lynn—Shacham signature spec for Serenity and help to review it:
Users will move to the shard chains to participate in the new scalable, sharded landscape. After phase 1 the number of validators that can be operated on a single machine depends on how resourceful your machine is. Concrete ways we try to be friendly to staking at home: Consensus layer - implement the spec! The Constantinople is regarded as a major starting point of the Ethereum development roadmap for the current year. A similarly popular decentralised equivalent would likely fit on a single shard, especially when fancy L2 infrastructure is involved e. People would send ETH to the beacon chain to become an Ethereum 2. Will The beacon chain allow tokens to be send. No spamming or drive by posting. It is a standalone EVM that can operate independently of a blockchain and is capable of running on low powered devices; with plans to run on ultra-low power devices. I was here for the first Metropolis HF and it was extremely anticlimactic, because ethereum casper update ethereum classic reddit 2019 S2X hardfork was giving away xrp going to the moon bitcoin price in vietnam money. Not out of the woods yet, but the signs look much better than last rektember. The good news is that we only need one VDF evaluator to do its job. The alternative to staking at home is staking on AWS or staking through a pool, and both are risks for decentralization. The main negative consequence is that dApps relying on unbiasable randomness will have to wait longer than expected for the random numbers to arrive. In general, I expect a lot of the long-run innovation in improving the smart contract development experience to happen at higher levels in this way; I write about why bitcoin cash vs segwit hitbtc increment is a good idea at length here:
Yes you will be able to write contracts in any language that compiles to WASM: It's crazy to look at your sentence and realize those words couldn't radeon 290x mining radeon 7950 hashrate been put together even six months ago. For how long is the 32eth locked up when running a validator client? Will there be any zk-snarks related enhancements coming with Eth 2. It's a subtle, residual effect. In phase 0 just the beacon chain, ethereum node on aws bitcoin denmark shards you can likely handle thousands of validators on a single machine. On the 4 hour chart, ETC temporarily lost its fight to hold onto an important level of satoshis — this is a Fibonacci level that was the first stop for ETC in the initial jump from the recent bottoms. Not really an answer to your question, but Ethresear. So November and January would be my two best guesses for phase 0. An investor and fund manager named Spencer Noon also pushed back against the proposal.
Oh I see! Ownerless legacy address could be a systemic risk for blockchains such as Ethereum and Bitcoin. What do you think about this incoming competition stealing a mind share off of ethereum if they can offer scalability big if in before ethereum has had a chance to implement sharding currently targeted for ? A few more things good to work on: Successes there can be ported to Ethereum via L2 infrastructure. Then, if I want to interact with the kitties of someone else who resides on a different shard, my experience will be much slower and cumbersome than if that person would reside in my shard or at least this is how I understand the system will work, please correct me if I am wrong. Thanks for pointing it out and we're trying to resolve. We then have a separate game for communicating state roots to those who are not interested in sequentially processing every block in the beacon chain. Agree, some of the answers are in the rest of article, but would be better if they were added directly. Are there any courses or subjects in uni that one should take to help in becoming a researcher? Waiting on the spec to stabilize before we move forward with an engagement. As long as the update is successful the price will rise because holding eth will be less risky. More like a bluefin tuna. The validator client should abstract the necessary tasks to get revenue from the different revenue streams. That said, if we want to facilitate a peaceful split, there is a fork versioning feature built in to the beacon chain to make replay protection very easy I fully expect some some entities to experiment with this model. From my limited understanding of Eth 2.
At that point there are scalability advantages in being a super-node, i. Agree, some of the answers are in the rest of article, but would be better if they were added directly. The design was highly inefficient because of its "implemented-in-EVM" nature, and it turned out that we could not really benefit from the ease-of-implementability of being done in EVM because we would need to write a lot of special-purpose code to make verification of signatures parallelizable. Click trukey bitcoin miner performance comparison to learn. Looking forward to seeing how it plays out with Bitcoin Cash. User balances and state exist in the shard chains. You won't be able to build dapps which rely on other dapps on other chains in the foreseeable future, so just saying that polkadots throughput will be higher is misleading. There will be a small incentive for validators to also be VDF evaluators. As for existing contracts, the entire eth1.
Phase 0 - The Beacon Chain This phase is the launch of the core system level functionality of the new PoS chain the beacon chain. English language only. This includes, but is not limited to: Another adoption indicator — network effects, where every additional user of a good or service adds to the value of that product to others. If the PoS part isn't contributing at least the majority of Ethereum's security I wouldn't say it's "delivered". Moving to the beacon chain is done by sending ETH to a so-called "deposit contract" on Ethereum 1. Maybe I'm missing something. A validator's inactivity penalties are also minimized if their being offline is dis-correlated from other validators. A mainstream laptop should comfortably handle one validator, and likely handle validators at max capacity. ELI5 execution engines Follow up A: Considering the timescale, this is not playing out any time soon. When Ethereum switches to PoS algorithm in the future as a result of another hardfork, the transaction processing time may increase. This is a major engineering effort that will require many parties other than our research team to plan, build, test, execute, and maintain. The current design has a fixed number of shards, at most one block per 6-second slot, and fixed block sizes. Meanwhile, as investors and crypto enthusiasts are already aware of the benefits of the transition, more of them are sure to come to the ETH camp. They will throw up huge buy walls and you will sell below them. The gas limit on the other hand will likely be floating, just like Ethereum 1. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of CaptainAltcoin. I wrote up some notes on the deprecation of EIP here https: If so, how is resharding done?
Long answer: This improves security as well, because an attacker now needs to compromise two of the BLS key shares. Lowering the block mining reward will also delay the difficulty bomb for 12 months. We're getting the foundations right with the beacon chain. I keep a keen eye on technically interesting projects such as Dfinity, Coda, Zcash, etc. That will make exchanges harder, although we may see a futures' market. The main question basically being, are there any other tweaks we can make to the economics that, given a fixed level of reward, will i encourage more people to validate, and ii encourage many small solo validators or smaller pools, as opposed to a few large pools. Personally at this point the feedback I'm most interested in is actually feedback from potential stakers. I am assuming there will be some way to trade Bethers, therefore somebody might buy it with less than 1 ETH. And I mean that in a good way.